It was a televised ambush that many in Europe hope will stop a war. <\/p>\n
Donald Trump\u2019s dressing-down of Ukraine\u2019s President Volodymyr Zelensky at the White House was a lightning strike to the transatlantic alliance, dispelling lingering illusions in Europe about whether their American cousin will stand with them to counter Russian aggression. <\/p>\n
Reeling, perhaps even fearful, Europe may have finally come to its senses over its self-defense needs in the era of Trump. <\/p>\n
In a month when US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth called Europe \u201cPATHETIC\u201d for \u201cfree-loading\u201d on defense in a group chat with administration officials (which inadvertently included a journalist for The Atlantic), the continent has been shattering decades-old taboos on defense. Policies are on the table that would have been unthinkable just weeks ago. <\/p>\n
The biggest change came in Germany, Europe\u2019s biggest economy. After the federal election, chancellor-in-waiting Friedrich Merz won a vote in parliament to scrap Germany\u2019s constitutional \u201cdebt brake\u201d \u2013 a mechanism to limit government borrowing. <\/p>\n
In principle, the law change allows for unlimited spending on defense and security. Experts expect the move to unlock as much as \u20ac600 billion ($652 billion) in Germany over the next decade. <\/p>\n
In getting over its phobia of debt, Buras said that Germany has finally acted as though Europe really had passed a \u201cZeitenwende\u201d \u2013 or \u201cturning point\u201d \u2013 as described by outgoing Chancellor Olaf Scholz in February 2022, just three days after Russia\u2019s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. <\/p>\n
Although the invasion jolted Germany, \u201conly the Trump shock made them take this really fundamental decision of suspending the debt brake,\u201d said Buras. <\/p>\n
\u201cThis is the real, proper Zeitenwende.\u201d <\/p>\n
In neighboring France, President Emmanuel Macron \u2013 who has long called for European \u201cstrategic autonomy\u201d from the US \u2013 has said he is considering extending the protection of its nuclear arsenal to its allies, already ostensibly sheltered by American bombs. <\/p>\n
Macron\u2019s comments earlier this month came after Merz advocated for talks with France and the United Kingdom \u2013 Europe\u2019s two nuclear powers \u2013 over extending their nuclear protection. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk welcomed the idea, and even called for Poland to consider getting nuclear weapons itself. <\/p>\n
Meanwhile, Poland and fellow Baltic states Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia \u2013 all neighbors to Russia \u2013 have pulled out of the 1997 Ottawa treaty on landmines, long considered a key milestone in the end to mass warfare. Lithuania has already announced the purchase of 85,000 landmines;, Poland is eyeing producing 1 million domestically. <\/p>\n
Lithuania also withdrew from the international treaty against cluster munitions this month, becoming the first signatory ever to do so. <\/p>\n
Military conscription has also made a comeback on the continent. Denmark made women eligible for obligatory conscription from 2026 and lowered health requirements for some roles, as part of a bolstering of the country\u2019s armed forces. Poland has also announced plans for every adult male to undergo military training. <\/p>\n
Even famously neutral countries are reconsidering their positions. Amid discussions about how to keep the peace in Ukraine in the event of a settlement, the government in Ireland \u2013 a military minnow focused on peacekeeping operations \u2013 put forward legislation to allow troops to be deployed without UN approval, skirting a possible Russian (or American) veto. <\/p>\n
It\u2019s long been the uncomfortable \u2013 and often unspoken \u2013 truth in Europe that its protection from invasion was ultimately dependent on the American cavalry riding over the horizon. That support no longer looks so sure. <\/p>\n
The pivot goes beyond who will do the fighting to who will provide the arms. Some have begun to question future purchases of the astronomically expensive US-made F-35 jets that several European air forces had planned to acquire. <\/p>\n
Portuguese Defense Minister Nuno Melo said his country was re-evaluating the expected purchases of the jets in preference for European alternatives over concerns of the US-controlled supply of spare parts. <\/p>\n
It\u2019s the first time such concerns were aired publicly at such a high level, especially in favor of jets that, on paper, don\u2019t offer the same capabilities. <\/p>\n
But, although Europe seems to have gotten the message, talk of a unified approach is premature. <\/p>\n
When European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen unveiled a plan to spend billions more on defense, called \u201cReArm Europe,\u201d Spain and Italy balked. The plan has since been renamed \u201cReadiness 2030.\u201d <\/p>\n
Italy\u2019s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has also ruled out sending Italian troops as part of a European contingent to keep the peace in Ukraine if a negotiated settlement \u2013 another key issue on which the continent is split. <\/p>\n
The rebranding indicates a dividing line in Europe: The further away from Russia a country is, the less likely it is to put guns before butter. <\/p>\n
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said this month that \u201cour threat is not Russia bringing its troops across the Pyrenees.\u201d He called on Brussels \u201cto take into account that the challenges we face in the southern neighborhood are a bit different to the ones that the eastern flank faces.\u201d <\/p>\n
\u201cThe further west you go, the more difficult it is to imagine that sort of thing. All the problems, all the decisions, they\u2019re relative,\u201d Landsbergis said. <\/p>\n
Although this geographical split could deepen divisions, Buras, of the ECFR, said total European unity would always be \u201can illusion.\u201d <\/p>\n
\u201cWhat really matters is what the key countries do,\u201d he said, pointing to Germany, France, the UK and Poland. \u201cI want to be cautiously optimistic, but I think we are on the right track now.\u201d <\/p>\n
Asked whether March would be remembered as the month Europe woke up, Buras said: \u201cYes, we have woken up \u2013 but now we need to get dressed.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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